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J. Böhm, R. Bolano, S Garcia-Espada, J. Gonzales, J. Gruber, G. Kronschnabl, A. Neidhardt, A. Phogat, C. Plötz, M. Schartner, E. Schönemann, T. Schüler, P. De Vicente:
"European Intensive Sessions for the Estimation of UT1";
in: "IVS 2018 General Meeting Proceedings", issued by: Kyla L. Armstrong, Karen D. Baver, and Dirk Behrend; NASA/CP-2019-219039, 2019, 214 - 218.

Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS), such as the United States GPS, the Russian GLONASS, or the European Galileo, require accurate information about the difference between Universal Time 1 and Coordinated Universal Time (UT1-UTC)in real time for positioning and navigation purposes. This parameter can only be determined with Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), and the International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry (IVS) is providing UT1-UTC on a daily basis as derived from so-called one-hour Intensive sessions on long east-west baselines. Additionally, the U.S.A. and Russia run their own Intensive sessions and are thus not fully dependent on the UT1-UTC values from the IVS. We present the idea of European Intensive sessions on a baseline between Santa Maria (Azores, Spain) and Wettzell (Germany) and conclude from Monte Carlo simulations that we can achieve accuracies better than 40 microseconds. Real experiments to confirm those simulations are currently ongoing.

Intensive sessions, UT1-UTC, Galileo

https://ivscc.gsfc.nasa.gov/publications/gm2018/45_boehm_etal.pdf