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G. Retscher, A. Kealy:
"Positioning with Signals-of-Opportunity in Indoor and Transitional Environments";
Talk: 11th International Conference on Mobile Mapping Technology 2019, Shenzhen, China (invited); 2019-05-06 - 2019-05-08.

Many applications nowadays require positioning in complex indoor and transitional environments whereby usually all available signals and techniques shall be employed to deliver robust localization. In general, indoor localization techniques can be classified in infrastructure-based technologies, technologies which are not based on signals and the use of so-called signals-of-opportunity. This tutorial focuses on the third class of techniques. Signals-of-opportunity are usually radio frequency signals firstly not intended for positioning, such as cellular phone networks, Wi-Fi, digital TV, FM radio, etc. For the most prominent signal-of-opportunity, i.e., Wi-Fi, novel approaches using location fingerprinting and (tri)lateration are introduced and discussed in this tutorial. By analogy to differential GNSS positioning a new approach termed DWi-Fi (Differential Wi-Fi) has been developed by the tutor. Its principle of operation is discussed and applications presented in case studies. Moreover, positioning of a group of smartphone App users operating in a neighbourhood is presented within a case study where App end users groups are guided in multi-modal transport situations. This leads to the concept of Cooperative Positioning (CP). In addition, positioning augmentation using the smartphone inertial sensors is a further topic of the tutorial.