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M. Zamecnikova, H.-B. Neuner, S. Pegritz:
"Influence of the Incidence Angle on the Reflectorless Distance";
Talk: INGEO 2014 - 6th International Conference on Engineering Surveying, Prag; 2014-04-03 - 2014-04-04; in: "INGEO 2014 - Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Engineering Surveying", Czech Technical University Prague, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Prag (2014), ISBN: 9788001054697; 257 - 262.

Reflectorless measurement is a common method of distance measurement supported by many geodetic instruments. One point reflectorless measurement was applyied for the first time in the hand-held distance meters and in the total stations. Then it has been used for array scanning measurement in the laser scanners. Nowadays both types of the measurements have been implemented in the total stations.
In the reflectorless measurement the laser beam is reflected direct from measured surface. Thus, new influences caused due to the measured surface have to be taken into account when specifying the quality of the measurement. Important influence factors on the measured distance are the orientation of the surface compared to the laser beam (the incidence angle of the laser beam) and the material properties. They can influence the type and magnitude of the random noise or systematically corrupt the distance. Therefore it is important to deal with them and tranfer them into the quality evaluation of measured values and into the next data processing.
The influence of the incidence angle of the laser beam in a reflectroless diastance measurement process is discussed in this paper. The focus is set upon the error charactersitic of this factor.

Reflectorless measurement, incidence angle, laser beam

http://publik.tuwien.ac.at/files/PubDat_229161.pdf