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G. Retscher, Q. Fu:
"Using Active RFID for Positioning in Navigation Systems";
Talk: 4th International Symposium on Location Based Services and Telecartography, Hong Kong, PR China; 2007-11-08 - 2007-11-10; in: "4th International Symposium on Location Based Services and Telecartography", (2007), 11 pages.

An ultimate aim of mobile positioning research is to investigate alternative location methods for absolute positioning in areas where no GNSS position determination is possible due to obstruction of the satellite signals. Active RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) can be used also for position determination, although the system was not only developed for positioning and tracking but also for identification of objects. Using RFID in positioning, four different approaches can be distinguished and the paper gives an overview about this methods. In a first approach, RFID tags can be installed at active landmarks (i.e., known locations) in the surroundings and the user who is equipped with an RFID reader can be positioned using Cell of Origin (CoO). The achievable positioning accuracy thereby depends on the size of the cell and is therefore usually several metres up to 10´s of metres. In a second attempt, trilatertion based on deduction of ranges to the RFID tags from received signal strength (RSS in RFID terms) values is investigated. As an alternative also location fingerprinting can be employed where the measured signal power levels are used directly to obtain a position fix. Using fingerprinting usually positioning accuracies on the few metre level can be achieved. The most precise location method using RFID is based on time of arrival (ToA) and angle of arrival (AoA) measurements of the signals from the RFID tags. A system developed by Trolley Scan is investigated which can provide accuracies on the decimetre level. The concept of the four strategies and preliminary results are discussed in this paper.

Project Head Georg Gartner:
Ubiquitäre Kartographie für Fußgängernavigation