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G. Retscher:
"Altitude Determination of Pedestrian in a Multi-storey Building";
in: "Location Based Services and TeleCartography, Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Carthography", G. Gartner, W. Cartwright, M. Peterson (ed.); Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2007, (invited), ISBN: 978-3-540-36727-7, 119 - 130.

Using pedestrian navigation and guidance services in indoor areas, a challenging task is to determine the correct floor of a user in a multi-storey building as most common indoor location techniques provide only 2-D position determination. In this case it can be recommended to augment the position determination system with a barometric pressure sensor for direct observation of height differences. In the research project NAVIO (Pedestrian Navigation Systems in Combined Indoor/Outdoor Environements) tests with different sensors have been performed and their results are presented. The tests show that it is possible to determine the correct floor of a user using a barometric pressure sensor as the standard deviation of the estimation of the height differences is better than  1 m.

Project Head Georg Gartner:
Fußgängernavigation in Gebäuden und im städtischen Umfeld